BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//archive.cryptologicfoundation.org//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcrea tor 2.30.10// CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH UID:aa51f8ea-9d0c-4c75-bffd-650186aa2249 X-WR-CALDESC:4 June 1942 - The Battle of Midway 'turning point in the Pacif ic' began. In June 1942\, the Japanese had hoped to surprise the American military on Midway Island and claim this crucial location. However\, Ameri can Navy cryptologists stationed in Hawaii had made some breaks into the J apanese Navy Fleet Code\, known to cryptanalysts as JN-25B. Knowing Midway would be attacked\, the U.S. Navy and Marines were able to adjust their f orces and combat the attack head on. After a series of losses\, the United States won a decisive victory over the Japanese Imperial fleet. Damages t o the Japanese carrier fleet were insurmountable and their momentum was br oken. The Japanese were never able to replace the four aircraft carriers a nd 332 aircraft.\n\nNCM Curator Patrick Weadon frequently gives talks abou t the Battle of Midway. In June 2016 he spoke at the 2016 Battle of Midway Ceremony in Annapolis\, MD\, commemorating the 74th anniversary. Click th e link below to learn more and watch a video of his presentation. You can also find a link to a Battle of Midway brochure by Patrick Weadon linked b elow\, as well as a CCH Publication\, \n\nFrom Wik ipedia:\n\nThe Battle of Midway was a crucial and decisive naval battl e in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942\, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the B attle of the Coral Sea\, the United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nim itz\, Frank Jack Fletcher\, and Raymond A. Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yama moto\, Chuichi Nagumo\, and Nobutake Kondo near Midway Atoll\, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it 'the most stunning and decisive blow in t he history of naval warfare.' It was Japan's first naval defeat since the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits in 1863.\n\nMany may not be familiar with th e story of how Admiral Chester Nimitz knew where to place his ships and pl anes to prevent a fatal Japanese blow to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. \n\nIn th e spring of '42\, after months of painstaking work to break the Japanese n aval code known as JN25\, Station Hypo under Commander Joseph Rochefort fi nally made the breakthrough for which they had been searching. This was no t the same 'Purple' code the Japanese diplomats used and had been broken m onths earlier. JN25 consisted of approximately 45\,000 five-digit numbers\ , each representing a word or phrase. More so\, the code was modified regu larly. Breaking it meant guessing the meanings of enough of these numbers and extrapolating the missing parts so cryptologists could decrypt a whole message. \n\nBy May 8\, Cmdr. Rochefort knew that a major enemy operation \, whose objective was sometimes called AF\, was in the offing and could t ake place somewhere in the Central Pacific. After several sleepless\, show er-less\, coffee-filled days and nights\, he was sure the target was Midwa y Island. His superiors in Washington needed convincing\, however\, so he and his team devised a test that would confirm the location of AF. With Ad miral Nimitz' permission\, Cmdr. Rochefort had the radio station on Midway falsely report that their water distillation plant had broken down\, caus ing a severe water shortage. Within 48 hours\, the stations at Hawaii and Melbourne\, Australia\, decrypted a Japanese radio transmission alerting c ommanders that AF was short of water. \n\nBy May 27\, when JN25 was modifi ed again\, Cmdr. Rochefort had constructed such a detailed picture of Japa nese plans that Cmdr. Edwin Layton\, Adm. Nimitz' intelligence officer\, w as able to predict almost precisely when and where the enemy striking forc e would arrive with a detailed order-of-battle. With this information\, Ad m. Nimitz was able to set the trap for what would become the greatest naut ical ambush in history.\n\nWe remember the cryptologists who accomplished what many thought to be impossible. We also remember the Army and Navy pil ots\, Marines\, and Sailors who fought bravely against all odds and accomp lished the greatest nautical victory in the history of naval warfare.\n X-WR-RELCALID:4401f544cdceff08df861fa2f4c7dd69 X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/New_York BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/New_York BEGIN:STANDARD TZNAME:EST DTSTART:20251102T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 RDATE:20261101T020000 RDATE:20271107T020000 END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZNAME:EDT DTSTART:20260308T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 RDATE:20270314T020000 END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:e0b39bf7-9849-4877-b35d-7ac9a1af6fa9 DTSTAMP:20260424T080628Z DESCRIPTION:4 June 1942 - The Battle of Midway 'turning point in the Pacifi c' began. In June 1942\, the Japanese had hoped to surprise the American m ilitary on Midway Island and claim this crucial location. However\, Americ an Navy cryptologists stationed in Hawaii had made some breaks into the Ja panese Navy Fleet Code\, known to cryptanalysts as JN-25B. Knowing Midway would be attacked\, the U.S. Navy and Marines were able to adjust their fo rces and combat the attack head on. After a series of losses\, the United States won a decisive victory over the Japanese Imperial fleet. Damages to the Japanese carrier fleet were insurmountable and their momentum was bro ken. The Japanese were never able to replace the four aircraft carriers an d 332 aircraft.\n\nNCM Curator Patrick Weadon frequently gives talks about the Battle of Midway. In June 2016 he spoke at the 2016 Battle of Midway Ceremony in Annapolis\, MD\, commemorating the 74th anniversary. Click the link below to learn more and watch a video of his presentation. You can a lso find a link to a Battle of Midway brochure by Patrick Weadon linked be low\, as well as a CCH Publication\, \n\nFrom Wiki pedia:\n\nThe Battle of Midway was a crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942\, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Ba ttle of the Coral Sea\, the United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimi tz\, Frank Jack Fletcher\, and Raymond A. Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamam oto\, Chuichi Nagumo\, and Nobutake Kondo near Midway Atoll\, inflicting d evastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it 'the most stunning and decisive blow in th e history of naval warfare.' It was Japan's first naval defeat since the B attle of Shimonoseki Straits in 1863.\n\nMany may not be familiar with the story of how Admiral Chester Nimitz knew where to place his ships and pla nes to prevent a fatal Japanese blow to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. \n\nIn the spring of '42\, after months of painstaking work to break the Japanese na val code known as JN25\, Station Hypo under Commander Joseph Rochefort fin ally made the breakthrough for which they had been searching. This was not the same 'Purple' code the Japanese diplomats used and had been broken mo nths earlier. JN25 consisted of approximately 45\,000 five-digit numbers\, each representing a word or phrase. More so\, the code was modified regul arly. Breaking it meant guessing the meanings of enough of these numbers a nd extrapolating the missing parts so cryptologists could decrypt a whole message. \n\nBy May 8\, Cmdr. Rochefort knew that a major enemy operation\ , whose objective was sometimes called AF\, was in the offing and could ta ke place somewhere in the Central Pacific. After several sleepless\, showe r-less\, coffee-filled days and nights\, he was sure the target was Midway Island. His superiors in Washington needed convincing\, however\, so he a nd his team devised a test that would confirm the location of AF. With Adm iral Nimitz' permission\, Cmdr. Rochefort had the radio station on Midway falsely report that their water distillation plant had broken down\, causi ng a severe water shortage. Within 48 hours\, the stations at Hawaii and M elbourne\, Australia\, decrypted a Japanese radio transmission alerting co mmanders that AF was short of water. \n\nBy May 27\, when JN25 was modifie d again\, Cmdr. Rochefort had constructed such a detailed picture of Japan ese plans that Cmdr. Edwin Layton\, Adm. Nimitz' intelligence officer\, wa s able to predict almost precisely when and where the enemy striking force would arrive with a detailed order-of-battle. With this information\, Adm . Nimitz was able to set the trap for what would become the greatest nauti cal ambush in history.\n\nWe remember the cryptologists who accomplished w hat many thought to be impossible. We also remember the Army and Navy pilo ts\, Marines\, and Sailors who fought bravely against all odds and accompl ished the greatest nautical victory in the history of naval warfare.\n DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260604T060000 DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260604T060001 LOCATION: SUMMARY:1942: Battle of Midway began. END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR