BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//archive.cryptologicfoundation.org//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcrea tor 2.30.10// CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH UID:73848655-eed7-40f4-bde3-b6046ff92bac X-WR-CALDESC:7 June 1954: Famed mathematician\, computer pioneer\, and cryp tologist Alan Turing died on this date.\n\nFor an extensive look into the life and accomplishments of Alan Turing\, you will want to read Dr. And rew Hodges' book\, 'Alan Turing: The Enigma.' Hodges' book was the ins piration for the highly-acclaimed film\, The Imitation Game. See be low for links to a radio interview with Andrew Hodges and a review of Hodg es' book by Stephen Mize. \n\nThe following is excerpted from Biography.co m: \n\nIn his seminal 1936 paper\, he proved that there cannot exist any u niversal algorithmic method of determining truth in mathematics\, and that mathematics will always contain undecidable propositions. That paper also introduced the 'Turing machine. His papers on the subject are widely ackn owledged as the foundation of research in artificial intelligence. The cen tral concept of the modern computer was based on Turing’s paper.\n\nAfter receiving his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1938\, he returned to Cam bridge\, and then took a part-time position with the Government Code and C ypher School\, a British code-breaking organization. During World War II\, Turing was a leading participant in wartime code-breaking\, particularly that of German ciphers. He worked at Bletchley Park\, the GCCS wartime sta tion\, where he made five major advances in the field of cryptanalysis\, i ncluding specifying the bombe\, an electromechanical device used to help d ecipher German Enigma encrypted signals. Turing’s contributions to the cod e-breaking process didn’t stop there: He also wrote two papers about mathe matical approaches to code-breaking\, which became such important assets t o the Code and Cypher School (later known as the Government Communications Headquarters) that the GCHQ waited until April 2012 to release them to th e National Archives of the United Kingdom.\n\nTuring moved to London in th e mid-1940s\, and began working for the National Physical Laboratory. Amon g his most notable contributions while working at the facility\, Turing le d the design work for the Automatic Computing Engine and ultimately create d a groundbreaking blueprint for store-program computers. Turing went on t o hold high-ranking positions in the mathematics department and later the computing laboratory at the University of Manchester in the late 1940s. He first addressed the issue of artificial intelligence in his 1950 paper\, 'Computing machinery and intelligence\,' and proposed an experiment known as the “Turing Test”—an effort to create an intelligence design standard f or the tech industry. \n\nHomosexuality was illegal in the United Kingdom in the early 1950s and so after admitting to police that he had sexual rel ations with a man\, Turing was arrested and was forced to choose between i mprisonment or probation with chemical castration. Turing chose probation. He died on 7 June 1954 as a result of cyanide poisoning and many have deb ated if he committed suicide. Turing posthumously received a formal pardon from Queen Elizabeth II in December 2013 for his conviction in 1952 on ch arges of homosexuality. Learn more about this via the article link below. \n\nTuring received numerous awards and honors for his various contributio ns and accomplishments. In 1999\, Time magazine named him one of it s '100 Most Important People of the 20th century\,' saying\, 'The fact rem ains that everyone who taps at a keyboard\, opening a spreadsheet or a wor d-processing program\, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.' In 2021\, a design featuring Turing was placed on the British 50 pound not e (see link below).\n X-WR-RELCALID:d7bfadd720c8644cae21ad4cec41acb3 X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/New_York BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/New_York BEGIN:STANDARD TZNAME:EST DTSTART:20251102T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 RDATE:20261101T020000 RDATE:20271107T020000 END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZNAME:EDT DTSTART:20260308T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 RDATE:20270314T020000 END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:3e456980-bc95-407c-8fcb-c8de6ace3428 DTSTAMP:20260424T081412Z DESCRIPTION:7 June 1954: Famed mathematician\, computer pioneer\, and crypt ologist Alan Turing died on this date.\n\nFor an extensive look into the l ife and accomplishments of Alan Turing\, you will want to read Dr. Andr ew Hodges' book\, 'Alan Turing: The Enigma.' Hodges' book was the insp iration for the highly-acclaimed film\, The Imitation Game. See bel ow for links to a radio interview with Andrew Hodges and a review of Hodge s' book by Stephen Mize. \n\nThe following is excerpted from Biography.com : \n\nIn his seminal 1936 paper\, he proved that there cannot exist any un iversal algorithmic method of determining truth in mathematics\, and that mathematics will always contain undecidable propositions. That paper also introduced the 'Turing machine. His papers on the subject are widely ackno wledged as the foundation of research in artificial intelligence. The cent ral concept of the modern computer was based on Turing’s paper.\n\nAfter r eceiving his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1938\, he returned to Camb ridge\, and then took a part-time position with the Government Code and Cy pher School\, a British code-breaking organization. During World War II\, Turing was a leading participant in wartime code-breaking\, particularly t hat of German ciphers. He worked at Bletchley Park\, the GCCS wartime stat ion\, where he made five major advances in the field of cryptanalysis\, in cluding specifying the bombe\, an electromechanical device used to help de cipher German Enigma encrypted signals. Turing’s contributions to the code -breaking process didn’t stop there: He also wrote two papers about mathem atical approaches to code-breaking\, which became such important assets to the Code and Cypher School (later known as the Government Communications Headquarters) that the GCHQ waited until April 2012 to release them to the National Archives of the United Kingdom.\n\nTuring moved to London in the mid-1940s\, and began working for the National Physical Laboratory. Among his most notable contributions while working at the facility\, Turing led the design work for the Automatic Computing Engine and ultimately created a groundbreaking blueprint for store-program computers. Turing went on to hold high-ranking positions in the mathematics department and later the c omputing laboratory at the University of Manchester in the late 1940s. He first addressed the issue of artificial intelligence in his 1950 paper\, ' Computing machinery and intelligence\,' and proposed an experiment known a s the “Turing Test”—an effort to create an intelligence design standard fo r the tech industry. \n\nHomosexuality was illegal in the United Kingdom i n the early 1950s and so after admitting to police that he had sexual rela tions with a man\, Turing was arrested and was forced to choose between im prisonment or probation with chemical castration. Turing chose probation. He died on 7 June 1954 as a result of cyanide poisoning and many have deba ted if he committed suicide. Turing posthumously received a formal pardon from Queen Elizabeth II in December 2013 for his conviction in 1952 on cha rges of homosexuality. Learn more about this via the article link below.\n \nTuring received numerous awards and honors for his various contributions and accomplishments. In 1999\, Time magazine named him one of its '100 Most Important People of the 20th century\,' saying\, 'The fact remai ns that everyone who taps at a keyboard\, opening a spreadsheet or a word- processing program\, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.' In 2021\, a design featuring Turing was placed on the British 50 pound note (see link below).\n DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260607T060000 DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260607T060001 LOCATION: SUMMARY:1954: Death of Alan Turing\, famed mathematician and cryptologist END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR